Understanding Submucosal Fibroids and Their Impact on Fertility

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What are Submucosal Fibroids?

Submucosal fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop just beneath the lining of the uterine cavity (endometrium). They can distort the shape of the uterus and significantly affect menstrual cycles and fertility.

Symptoms of Submucosal Fibroids

Symptoms of submucosal fibroids can vary depending on their size and location. Common symptoms include:

• Heavy menstrual bleeding

• Prolonged menstrual periods

• Bleeding between periods

• Pelvic pain or pressure

• Difficulty conceiving

• Recurrent miscarriages

Causes of Submucosal Fibroids

The exact cause of fibroids is not known, but several factors may play a role:

• Hormonal imbalances, particularly estrogen and progesterone

• Genetic factors

• Obesity

• Family history of fibroids

Diagnosing Submucosal Fibroids

To diagnose submucosal fibroids, your doctor may recommend:

• Ultrasound: A transvaginal ultrasound provides detailed images of the uterus.

• Saline Infusion Sonography: A saline solution is injected into the uterus to help outline the uterine cavity during ultrasound.

• Hysteroscopy: A thin, lighted instrument is inserted through the vagina and cervix to visualize the inside of the uterus.

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI can provide detailed images of the uterus and fibroids.

Impact on Fertility

Submucosal fibroids can impact fertility in several ways:

• Obstructing Implantation: The fibroids can distort the uterine cavity, making it difficult for an embryo to implant.

• Interfering with Sperm Passage: Fibroids may block the passage of sperm through the cervix and into the fallopian tubes.

• Causing Miscarriages: The presence of fibroids can increase the risk of miscarriage due to changes in the shape and function of the uterine cavity.

Treatment Options

Treatment for submucosal fibroids depends on the severity of symptoms and your fertility goals. Options include:

Surgical Treatments

• Hysteroscopic Myomectomy : This procedure involves the removal of fibroids through the vagina and cervix using a hysteroscope. It is minimally invasive and can preserve fertility.

• Laparoscopic or abdominal myomectomy : This surgical procedure involves the removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus. It can be done through open surgery, laparoscopy, and/or hysteroscopy, depending on the size and location of the fibroids.

Recovery and Aftercare

Recovery times vary depending on the type of treatment. You may need to wait 1 – 6 months after surgery before proceeding  with fertility treatment depending on the type of surgery needed to remove the fibroid.

Fertility Improvement Post-Treatment

Removing submucosal fibroids can significantly improve fertility outcomes. Many women experience:

• Increased Pregnancy Rates : Surgical removal of fibroids has been shown to increase the chances of successful pregnancy.

• Reduced Risk of Miscarriage : Treating submucosal fibroids can lower the risk of recurrent miscarriages.

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This handout is designed to provide general information and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor for personalized care.